Play is a cultural element that has played an important role in the development of human history and is a collective practice with meaningful socialization in its own right. Electronic games should be approached from the same perspective. Exploring how games relate to traditional cultural forms of human society, such as festivals and rituals, is a task that requires deep theoretical reflection. In this study, we examine the anthropological implications of eSports, a socio-cultural phenomenon based on electronic games, through a theoretical review of the communality of play and ritual as a collective practice. To this end, classical discussions of play are reviewed, and Turner's theory of ritual is used to diagnose the socio-cultural significance of play and festivals from traditional to modern societies. Through this extension of the discussion, we seek an analytical framework to capture the cultural phenomenon of eSports as culture in an anthropological sense, rather than simply viewing it in terms of economic impact or industry.